Lesson 1 of 4 · 3 min read

Types of business and their liability

Sole traders, partnerships, LLPs and limited companies, how they differ on liability, tax and reporting.

The four structures Level 2 tests
StructureOwner liabilityTaxPublic accounts?
Sole traderUnlimited personalIncome tax on profitsNo
PartnershipUnlimited, joint and severalIncome tax on each partner's shareNo
LLPLimited to capital contributedIncome tax on each partner's shareYes, Companies House
Limited companyLimited to shareholdingCorporation tax on company profitsYes, Companies House

Choosing a structure is a trade-off between simplicity and protection. A sole trader has almost no paperwork but is personally liable for every debt of the business, creditors can take the owner's home. A limited company protects the shareholder personally, but must file accounts and a confirmation statement every year with Companies House and pay corporation tax through HMRC.

The tax and reporting differences matter for finance staff, because they change what information the business must produce, and when.

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